@Tea and Honey If you put ERP in a nutshell, there's a couple main tenants that are REALLY important to understand. Here they are...
1.) You have to treat the thoughts as though they don't mean anything (because, in real life, they actually don't mean anything!)
2.). You have to deny yourself any safety behaviors that you do because of the thoughts (because these are all compulsions)
3.). When you deny the safety behaviors (i.e., the compulsions), it will cause your brain and even your body to go into anxiety mode. (In other words, your brain freaks out because you feel like you did something that was NOT SAFE.)
4.). But you have to "ride out" the anxiety feelings until they subside on their own. The more you practice doing this, the easier it gets. The anxiety spikes will get smaller and smaller. Eventually, you will be able to prevent yourself from doing compulsions without feeling anxiety.
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Okay, so let's talk about each of these things, one at at time.
Okay, let's start with #1. You have to treat the thoughts as though they don't mean anything.
In order to recover from OCD, everyone has to change their relationship with their thoughts. Everyone starts out afraid of their thoughts. They believe that their thoughts are DANGEROUS and that there is some connection with their thoughts to the outside world. This is the big trap of OCD.
We have to stop fighting off the thoughts. We have to learn to ALLOW the thoughts while at the same time doing nothing about them.
If you try to fight them off, they’re just going to get worse. My NOCD therapist explained it like this:
Imagine a tree planted by river. The leaves from the tree fall off and float down the river. You watch the leaves fall, but you don’t try to stop them. You just let them float down the river.
This is the same with ALL intrusive thoughts. It doesn’t matter if these are bad thoughts about God, violence, sex, attractions, etc. All intrusive thoughts are the SAME. You just let them fall off the tree and float down the river.
The truth is the thoughts don’t mean anything, so you can ignore them. You can’t make them go away (like the leaves), but you can give them no power by acknowledging that they are meaningless.
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Okay, let's talk about #2. You have to deny the compulsions.
When you boil them down, all compulsions are SAFETY BEHAVIORS. They are designed to negate the thoughts and keep you safe.
Common compulsions include confessing wrong-doing, seeking reassurance, Googling, hand-washing, counting. Etc
It's important to remember that AVOIDANCE can also be a safety behavior (compulsion). For example, if you avoid saying certain words because you don't know the intentions behind it, then you are actually doing a compulsion.
In ERP therapy, you have to practice denying the compulsions. However, you don't do this all at once. That is way too scary, and no one can handle that. Instead, you start with the very easiest first and work your way up.
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Okay, let's talk about #3: The Anxiety Episodes
When you deny compulsions, it feels unsafe. It feels like you are going to die or that someone you love is going to die. It feels like the consequences are huge, like the end of the world or some terrible disaster.
Let me give you an example. When I feel like I did something "unsafe," I can usually pass over it and realize that I am okay. I have had years of practice doing this. But every once in a while, when I deny a compulsion, it feels so UNSAFE that I spiral into an anxiety pit. It can take hours, days, or weeks before I feel better.
What you have to understand is that this is a NORMAL part of the recovery process. It seems strange to say this, because the episodes feel so awful. But in order to defeat OCD, we actually have to practice putting ourselves though the terrible anxiety that always accompanies "breaking the OCD rules."
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And lastly, let's talk about #4: You have to "ride out" the anxiety episodes.
There's no way to defeat OCD without pain. It takes a lot of work. But if you put the work in, you can get to the other side and start living the life you have wanted to live!
But you have to take it slowly. Start with the simple things. And then take baby steps. If you don't, you will be overwhelmed and it won't work.
Let's put this into an example. Let's say Jake has OCD, and he is afraid of crossing bridges. First, the therapist will ask him to just THINK about a bridge. If that causes anxiety, then Jake can practice thinking about bridges and then accept the anxiety that comes.
The next session, the therapist might ask Jake to sit next to a bridge. This might cause even more anxiety. Jake has to practice sitting next to the bridge and "riding out" the anxiety that comes.
The next time the therapist might ask Jake to put one foot on the bridge--and so on.
The point is that at each step, Jake is successful at the required task, and he allows himself to experience the waves of anxiety that come.
Yes, anxiety is like a wave. It has a peak, and then it slides downward after that. No one can stay in full anxiety mode forever. So we have to train ourselves to allow the anxiety to run its course. Eventually, it will get better. And the more we practice, the anxiety peaks will get smaller and smaller. And eventually, we won't have anxiety at all when we deny our compulsions.